En su trabajo entre 1985 y 1999, el filósofo colombiano Édgar Garavito busca entrar en relación con Michel Foucault, aproximarse a él, rendirle un homenaje. Su utilización de los filósofos como herramientas de trabajo, instrumentos y armas le permite establecer un concepto propio: transcursividad, que implica la transformación. El artículo se divide en ejes de transformación para analizar la presencia de herramientas foucaultianas en la construcción garaviteana. El francés se revela como punto de apoyo y, en paralelo, de distanciamiento. El (...) vínculo Garavito-Foucault deviene así una manera de relacionarse desde el afuera. Situado en el afuera geográfico y lingüístico del francés, Garavito escucha, lee y atraviesa su obra introduciendo una novedad en la historia del pensamiento colombiano, además de homenajearlo. (shrink)

In this article, Stephanie Daza draws on Gayatri Spivak's theorizing to help make visible how education is shaped by an elusive conceptual apparatus of neoliberal scientism. She begins with an example of high-stakes learning and global competition as commonsensical policy practice at an elementary school. Then Daza develops an analysis that shows the possibilities of a Spivakian theoretical approach as an interpretive practice for education, and teacher education specifically.

The present article investigates some consequences from the rapport ofthe creative and the sedimented language in Maurice Merleau-Ponty's works. It aims at analyzing the different positions adopted by the philosopher on that rapport by considering the image of a boiling liquid as the guide for such analysis. The heuristic power of this image will help, on one side, to comprehend the different standpoints used to interpret the phenomenon of language; on the other side, it will serve as an index to (...) follow the rectification and the radicalization of his philosophy. (shrink)

O presente artigo pretende investigar o problema filosófico da "atualidade" de Schopenhauer. A filosofia de Schopenhauer apresenta-se como uma metafísica imanente, sua verdade portanto independe do tempo, ou da história. De que forma seria possível afirmar sua "atualidade"? Para tratar desta questão o artigo investiga a concepção shopenhaueriana de história, tendo em vista melhor compreender o "valor da história". Em seguida, procura investigar a possibilidade de uma interpretação em sintonia com a "Esquerda Schopenhaueriana" para melhor conceber o sentido em que (...) seria possível afirmar sua da "atualidade". (shrink)

The present study had two main aims: to determine whether deaf children show higher rates of key behaviors of ADHD and of Conduct Disorder—CD— than hearing children, also examining whether the frequency of these behaviors in deaf children varied based on cochlear implant use, type of school and level of receptive vocabulary; and to determine whether any behavioral differences between deaf and hearing children could be explained by deficits in inhibitory control. We measured behaviors associated with ADHD and CD in (...) 34 deaf and hearing children aged 9–10 years old, using the revised Spanish version of the Conners scale. We then assessed inhibitory control ability using a computerized Stroop task and a short version of the Attention Network Test for children. To obtain a measure of the level of receptive vocabulary of the deaf children we used a Spanish version of the Carolina Picture Vocabulary Test for Deaf and hearing-impaired children. Deaf children showed significantly higher rates of behaviors associated with ADHD and CD, and over 85% of cases detected with high risk of ADHD-inattentive type in the entire present sample were deaf children. Further, in the group of deaf children a negative correlation was found between receptive vocabulary and frequency of disruptive, aggressive, or antisocial behaviors associated with CD. However, inhibitory control scores did not differ between deaf and hearing children. Our results suggested that the ADHD-related behaviors seen in deaf children were not associated with a deficit in inhibitory control, at least in the interference suppression subcomponent. An alternative explanation could be that these behaviors are reflecting an adaptive strategy that permits deaf children to access information from their environment which is not available to them via audition. (shrink)

El presente artículo, en primera instancia, presentará la melancolía como mirada redentora del objeto, es decir, en la distancia de un “mundo desalojado” se halla la disposición sublime del hombre frente a las cosas. En segundo lugar se expondrá el papel de este objeto, representado por la técnica en las relaciones que el melancólico, _la figura de poder_, establece con los _otros _y cómo estas resultan coercitivas. Al final se concluirá con una exposición sobre una _dialéctica _que se instaura en (...) la contradicción de ese carácter melancólico de la no-acción contemplativa y la _acción _de los otros como _resistencia _en la utopía de la redención del sí mismo. Esta última es una posibilidad deconstructiva de la “condición humana”. (shrink)

Vulnerabilidad educativa en el Gran Córdoba. 2001.

El propósito, sistematizar la estrategia pedagógica de formación y evaluación de la investigación, orientada a estudiantes de pregrado vinculados a un semillero virtual, que conduce a la comunicación y divulgación académica-científica. Se utilizó una metodología cualitativa a partir del modelo para la sistematización de experiencias que describe cinco momentos (planeación; diseño; implementación; tutorización y seguimiento evaluativo). Demostró que la formación para la investigación requiere de la gestión del conocimiento aspectos relacionados con: personas, pedagogía, didáctica, recursos tecnológicos, procesos, técnicas e instrumentos (...) de evaluación alternativa y herramientas cognitivas, integradas a un entorno virtual de aprendizaje (EVA). Estos constituyen Indicadores de calidad. (shrink)

O presente artigo aborda a questão do outro no interior do pensamento de Martin Heidegger. Tal problemática, não obstante, será examina a partir da pressuposição das tonalidades afetivas, fenômeno caracterizado em toda a produção filosófica do pensador, embora, nessa ocasião, seja dada ênfase a obras anteriores a 1930. A convivência como modalidade do ser-com mostra-se imbuída e perpassada por afecções que regionalizam o mundo e plasmam espaços de interação e apropriação dos modos de ser. A pesquisa versa sobre algumas dimensões (...) e experiências as quais o ser-aí instaura em seu horizonte hermenêutico de maneira a se orientar por “afecções” específicas, mostrando a dinâmica da convivência em suas relações de proximidade e diferença por meio de tonalidades afetivas, bem como mediante estruturas existenciais, como a preocupação. O estudo pretende, por fim, mostrar alguns meandros da análise de Heidegger quanto ao “tema” do outro, já que esse é um assunto pouco debatido pelo pensador, uma vez que suas reflexões incidem precisamente no esforço de ruptura com a noção tradicional de “homem”, o que justifica seu ensejo por questões distintas daquela que na presente ocasião se visa discutir. (shrink)

ABSTRACTWhile the emergence of a new scientific culture in 16th-century Europe is well known, the role of the actors of the Hispanic New World in this time of renewal of knowledge has long been judged marginal for two reasons: first, because the strong presence of the Inquisition in the Hispanic World has been considered by historians to have been an obstacle for research or scientific innovation; and second, because the discontinuity of the territories of the Hispanic Monarchy and the problem (...) of distances between Spain and the New World have long been interpreted in ways that suggest the marginality and peripheral status of the American colonies. However, some works counterbalance this dismissal and shed new light on the scientific activity of the Hispanic New World. This is the case with the treatise Arte de los Metales, by the secular priest Alvaro Alonso Barba, which would achieve remarkable fame and circulation, and would become a seminal work in the fields of metallurgy and mining until the mid-1700s. The article demonstrates that this treatise also presents ideas that can be traced back to a set of Paracelsian ideas combining alchemy, pharmacopoeia, and medicine, and studies specific examples of these ideas – the description of three fundamental substances as components of all matter, references to Epatica sulfuris, an oil capable of turning silver into gold and curing certain diseases; and the use of antimony – that together testify to the spread of the ideas of Basil Valentine and of Paracelsian influences. From this point of view, Arte de los Metales can be viewed as part of a tradition unexpectedly renewed by the author through many observations based on his own work in Peru and the discoveries he made thanks to alternative techniques. This demonstrates the richness and diversity of knowledge rooted in the New World, and links Alonso Barba’s scholarly activity to some of the great schools of thought that spanned the Early Modern European world. (shrink)

In this paper we discuss Ned Hall's critique of David Lewis's counterfactual theory of causation, in particular for its alleged inability to account for cases of double prevention. To do so, we focus on Pablo Melogno's response to Hall, where he claims that Hall's proposed tension between the concept of dependence and the locality thesis in cases of double prevention is the effect of the omission of essential details to complete the causal chain in the examples used by Hall. Here (...) we propose to take a further step in the defense of the counterfactual theory begun by Melogno, by reviewing the examples proposed by Hall, the modifications complexified by Melogno and the corollaries that follow from them, and proposing some relevant conceptual extensions to the ideas of the three authors. (shrink)

The environment is a continuous source of matter and energy, which dynamizes the adaptive processes of biological systems, so that these systems emerge, persist or are extinguished as a consequence of their reactions to the environment. This perspective, forged from classical physics, gives way to multiple ecological theories, with evolution being the most prominent one. In all these cases, information would be both dependent and subsequent to matter and energy. Thus, the emergence and dynamics of genetic material or ecological attributes (...) such as abundance, richness or diversity depend mainly on the interaction of these two fundamental states. However, recent approaches from quantum physics and complexity views put forward the notion that information can be independent and prior to matter and energy, which allows us to see ecological processes from another perspective, i.e., as including complex biological systems as capable of showing emergent properties such as cognition. We proposed here a set of postulates and ideas that suggests how the ability to manipulate (internalize, integrate, store and generate) information can be developed by those systems, which would directly and non-randomly influence ecological attributes and their dynamics; i.e., how this property can possibly help replacing the notion of the environment as the ultimate cause of changes. Besides fully detailing the sources of knowledge and our rationale in this sense, we have also discussed how these thoughts and possibilities can be employed in devising better and more comprehensive approaches for biological conservation strategies. (shrink)

Agronomic science or technoscience has an important role in contemporary times and is the focus of necessary philosophical investigations. The present study aimed to relate Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics with the Laudanian concept of philosophy of science, also applied to the philosophy of technology within the agronomic context. The central question to be answered is: can Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics apply to the understanding of agronomy? Given this, central references and commentators were selected, dividing the dialogue between the authors and the argumentation (...) into the following points: sciences, technologies, and Gadamerian philosophical hermeneutics; agronomic traditions and their Laudanian progress; reaching the final possibility of intersections between Gadamer and Laudan, when reflecting on agronomy, especially on the theme of traditions. (shrink)

Este texto intenta comprender la naturaleza de la reflexión radical que debe ser la filosofía y cómo es diferente de una reflexión intelectualista o cartesiana. Mientras que la última se concibe como todopoderosa, capaz de constituir el mundo por sí sola, la reflexión radical reconoce, por el contrario, lo que está más acá de ella, es decir, la enorme zona carnal que Merleau-Ponty caracteriza como “objetivo previo” o “irreflexivo”. Solo entendiendo la reflexión radical como libertad, invención y apropiación del sentido, (...) parece resolverse la contradicción entre intelectualismo y conciencia encarnada, ello para dilucidar la fuerza de la fenomenología donde parece mostrar su debilidad, es decir, precisamente en el trabajo de comprensión del mundo en relación con la conciencia. Para este propósito se explora la obra de Merleau-Ponty, particularmente la Fenomenología de la percepción, en función de un análisis inmanente de los conceptos de percepción y libertad propios de consideraciones fenomenológicas del filósofo francés. Como conclusión de este análisis se deriva la posibilidad de comprender que dada la tendencia de la reflexión radical a tratar de transgredir sus límites, esta podría convertirse en una reflexión intelectualista o idealista, mientras que la libertad podría convertirse en un bloqueo en la experiencia adquirida, ello exigiría, entonces, que tanto la reflexión radical como la libertad se relacionen de manera continua y moderada en el mundo de la percepción para poder configurar una experiencia cualificada y no empobrecida del mundo. (shrink)

El estudio se propone el análisis de la última de las parábolas del evangelio de Mateo, examinando su lenguaje y elementos teológicos fundamentales; así como también su forma y composición en la obra. El trabajo se motiva por la designación que el Papa Francisco dio al texto, comprendiéndolo como recapitulación esencial del camino cristiano fundamental que debe emprender el discípulo que desea vivir las huellas del Maestro.

This paper aims to show two things. On the one hand, it aims to discover that the interpretation executed by Gadamer of the Dilthian hermeneutic project ends up being one sided and reductionist in several respects, and therefore does not do justice to the fundamental hermeneutical plan of the critique of historical reason. Furthermore, we will show how Gadamerian hermeneutics continue with the Dilthian project assimilating trascendental elements that, ultimately, structurally operate the philosophical hermeneutics.

La pragmática trascendental del lenguaje de Karl-Otto Apel ha sido principalmente una reconstrucción (y fundamentación) de los presupuestos irrebasables del discurso argumentativo. Ella no se ha extendido sobre las acciones en principio no discursivas de los hombres. En el presente trabajo se expone cómo debería entenderse a este tipo de acciones en el marco de dicha pragmática. Así, se presentan aquí las implicancias que tiene para la constitución y explicación de las acciones el ser comprendidas bajo un aspecto central de (...) la pragmática de Apel como es la crítica trascendental del sentido. Con este objetivo, se desarrollan (I) las características generales y esquemáticas que presenta el lenguaje en su rol de “dador” de sentido en la obra de Apel. Luego (II), el artículo se extiende sobre este rol aplicado ahora a las acciones en general de los individuos. Finalmente, y mediante una reflexión sobre la validez implicada en toda articulación lingüística (III), se extraen algunas conclusiones sobre cómo debería entenderse a las acciones en el marco de la pragmática trascendental del lenguaje (IV). Karl-Otto Apel’s transcendental pragmatics of language has been mainly a reconstruction (and justification) of the inevitable assumptions of argumentative discourse. This pragmatic has said barely anything about non argumentative action of men. This paper shows what implies for the constitution and explanation of non-argumentative actions of men to be understood under a central aspect of that pragmatic as the transcendental critic of sense (Sinn). To this end, it develops (I) the general and schematic characteristics that language presents in its role of meaning “giver” in the work of Apel. Then (II), the article spreads over this role now applied to the actions of individuals in general. Finally, through a reflection on the validity involved in all linguistic articulation (III), draws some conclusions about how the actions should be understood within the framework of transcendental pragmatics of language (IV). (shrink)

Neste artigo, demonstrei a relação entre a Memória, a História Oral e o Patrimônio Imaterial Afro-brasileiro. Apontei para os aspectos teóricos e para a práxis de uma História Oral capaz de oferecer algumas bases para a salvaguarda do Patrimônio Imaterial. Para tanto, propus um diálogo dinâmico com diferentes conceitos de Memória, sobretudo conforme compreendida por Joël Candau e Maurice Halbwachs. Apresentei diferentes conceitos em diálogo com autores especialistas em Patrimônio Imaterial, como: Maria Amélia Jundurian Corá, Chiara Bortolotto e Ulpiano Toledo (...) Bezerra de Menses. Além disso, identifiquei procedimentos construídos por José Carlos Sebe Bom Meihy, Suzana Lopes Salgado Ribeiro e Fabíola Holanda no âmbito do Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral – NEHO/USP. Palavras-chave: Memória, História Oral, Patrimônio Imaterial, Teoria. (shrink)

El artículo es una reflexión que propone repensar la investigación educativa desde el enfoque cualitativo. El objetivo es describir y comprender sobre las distintas vertientes de la investigación educativa, el enfoque cualitativo en el campo de las educaciones; problematizar sobre el diseño del plan; explicar a la historia oral como método de investigación en el estudio de la educación y reflexionar sobre el rol del investigador. En suma, se plantea pensar la investigación educativa desde el enfoque cualitativo, por un lado, (...) porque permite comprender que los procesos de investigación y construcción de conocimiento son de forma participativa, colaborativa y dialógica; por otro lado, problematizar la posición del investigador en la investigación. Palabras clave: Investigación cualitativa, educación y enfoque cualitativo, plan de investigación, métodos cualitativos, historia oral y educación. (shrink)

Book reviews: HARRIS, Elizabeth J.; HEDGES, Paul; HETTIARACHCHI, Shanthikumar. Twenty-First Century Theologies of Religions : Retrospection and Future Prospects. Leiden: Brill; Boston: Rodopi, 2016. 396 p.. ISBN 978-90-04-3224-62.

Se aborda el problema fundamental de la pragmática trascendental del lenguaje, así como también la cuestión de la ética del discurso desarrollada por K.-O. Apel y J. Habermas; asunto referido a la obligatoriedad de las reglas del discurso. La atención se centra en la objeción de Habermas, que restringe el alcance de la obligatoriedad de esas reglas. Se analiza la objeción, así como la solución que este autor propone, y se ofrece un sentido para su respuesta.

En el siguiente trabajo se examina la explicación de Raimo Tuomela acerca de la aparición de los hechos sociales básicos. En esa propuesta, los componentes elementales de una ontología social se deben a la “intencionalidad colectiva” compartida por diferentes actores. Si bien Tuomela hace alusión al lenguaje presente en algunas formas de intencionalidad, su reconstrucción está orientada a otras formas de generar hechos sociales que supuestamente no lo incluirían o serían más básicas que las generadas por esa praxis. En este (...) escrito se sostendrá, por el contrario, que no es posible eludir al lenguaje como principal mecanismo de generación de fenómenos elementales de la socialidad en ninguna instancia. Una vez que el lenguaje ocupa su lugar como principal instrumento de coordinación de la acción, creador de grupos sociales y desarrollo de una ontología social, muchas de las distinciones del programa intencionalista pierden relevancia desde un punto de vista ontológico. (shrink)

Objetiva-se apresentar, aqui, alguns elementos da trajetória de integração da escola Pão dos Pobres com a comunidade porto alegrense, sobretudo no que concerne à manutenção de suas bases materiais, de modo a levantar alguns indícios iniciais da inserção desta instituição ao hoje denominado terceiro setor, fenômeno vinculado à promoção de solidariedade social e cidadania.

Buscamos neste artigo realizar uma análise sobre os termos normalidade, anormalidade, corporalidade central e periférica através do filme “Pieles” do diretor espanhol Eduardo Casanova. Para realizar este trabalho utilizamos a metodologia bibliográfica e análise fílmica. Destarte, apresentamos a descrição sobre o filme e algumas personagens, desenvolvemos uma discussão teórica e fechamos com análises sobre o filme e as considerações finais. Concluímos que não são as diferenças corpóreas, sejam elas anomalias ou mutações congênitas que definem os lugares e funções desses corpos (...) diferentes na sociedade, mas sim os padrões, normas e convenções construídas histórico-socialmente. (shrink)

O segundo cronista e guarda-mor da Torre do Tombo, Gomes Eanes de Zurara, notabilizou-se pela produção de crônicas acerca da conquista e manutenção da praça de Ceuta no século XV. Com a finalidade de explorar as impressões desse cronista, o presente trabalho abordará como Zurara fez um uso edificante de duas de suas fontes: o discurso do conde D. Pedro de Meneses e um reportatio do sermão do fr. João Xira. Mais precisamente, o alvo deste estudo é examinar em que (...) medida Zurara reproduziu as palavras dessas célebres figuras na expectativa de legitimar a incursão militar da Coroa no norte da África. Com ênfase na descrição do referido oficial da Torre do Tombo, o alvo consistirá em analisar a função da prédica de um religioso e de um cavaleiro para a exortação dos portugueses enviados a essa região em um período de fortalecimento das bases políticas e religiosas de Portugal. (shrink)

Taxa and homologues can in our view be construed both as kinds and as individuals. However, the conceptualization of taxa as natural kinds in the sense of homeostatic property cluster kinds has been criticized by some systematists, as it seems that even such kinds cannot evolve due to their being homeostatic. We reply by arguing that the treatment of transformational and taxic homologies, respectively, as dynamic and static aspects of the same homeostatic property cluster kind represents a good perspective for (...) supporting the conceptualization of taxa as kinds. The focus on a phenomenon of homology based on causal processes (e.g., connectivity, activity-function, genetics, inheritance, and modularity) and implying relationship with modification yields a notion of natural kinds conforming to the phylogenetic-evolutionary framework. Nevertheless, homeostatic property cluster kinds in taxonomic and evolutionary practice must be rooted in the primacy of epistemological classification (homology as observational properties) over metaphysical generalization (series of transformation and common ancestry as unobservational processes). The perspective of individuating characters exclusively by historical-transformational independence instead of their developmental, structural, and functional independence fails to yield a sufficient practical interplay between theory and observation. Purely ontological and ostensional perspectives in evolution and phylogeny (e.g., an ideographic character concept and PhyloCode’s ‘individualism’ of clades) may be pragmatically contested in the case of urgent issues in biodiversity research, conservation, and systematics. (shrink)

The present work is developed within the frame of so-called critical neuroscience. The aim of this article is to explain the transition from a kind of neuroscience understood as a strict scientific discipline, possessing a methodology and a specific praxis, to a kind of neuroscience that has been transformed into a meta-narrative with totalizing claims. In particular, we identify and examine eleven catalysts for such a transition: 1) a lack of communication between scientists and journalists; 2) the abuse of information (...) by the sensational press; 3) the acceptance of specific philosophical approaches by a wide range of scientists; 4) the widespread transmission of two conceptual mistakes: a) an identification between methodological and ontological reductionism and b) the mereological fallacy; 5) the influence of post-Cartesian philosophical thinking in the scientific community; 6) an overwhelming scientific hyper-specialization; 7) the illegitimate transfer of authority from humanities to the sciences; 8) an inbuilt human preference for visual data; 9) economic interests; 10) scientific utopianism; and 11) the new self-help movements and their alliance with neuro-enhancement. Finally, our essay seeks to draw attention to the most damaging consequences for both science and human ways of living. (shrink)

Como asociado del Instituto de Investigación Social de Frankfurt durante la década de 1930, Herbert Marcuse produjo una serie de artículos que tendrían un impacto significativo en la agenda futura de la teoría crítica. Hizo contribuciones innovadoras, entre otras cosas, al desarrollo de la relación entre la teoría de la Escuela de Frankfurt y las nociones hegeliana y weberiana de desarrollo social, a la idea de la cultura como una limitación de la posibilidad humana y a la articulación de las (...) marcadas diferencias entre el liberalismo y la teoría emancipatoria. A diferencia de varios de sus pares en este periodo, en particular Max Horkheimer, Erich Fromm y Theodor W. Adorno, Marcuse prestó poca atención a las posibles afinidades entre la teoría crítica y el psicoanálisis. (shrink)

The emergence of COVID-19 places the economy at risk of recession or worst, depression. A sharp decline in the country’s economic growth is primarily caused by the weak consumption of locals and non-existence of foreign tourists in the country. On the other hand, disruptions of the supply chain in the manufacturing and retails sectors make the situation much worse. With clear uncertainties in mind, government agencies must lay down economic policies, monetary and fiscal, that would boost the confidence of the (...) consumers and producers. Lastly, a clear and coordinated efforts of the national and local government together with economic agencies of the country must be present at this time of the pandemic. (shrink)

El artículo es un estudio detallado del panfleto “An Essay in Defence of the Female Sex” (1696). Ofrece una reconstrucción de su estructura argumentativa y un análisis de sus estrategias retóricas. El marco teórico y metodológico empleado es histórico y sistemático: buscamos contextualizar el escrito en el campo intelectual de la ilustración británica en los albores del siglo xviii, así como también interponer una perspectiva de género contemporánea para la examinación de los argumentos empleados, del despliegue retórico del discurso y (...) de las conclusiones filosóficamente más robustas. En especial, el artículo defiende la emergencia de una dicotomía naturaleza-historia que permite a la autora, por un lado, desenmascarar una situación de dominio masculino críticamente reconocible como antecedente directo de las discusiones feministas contemporáneas y, por el otro, ofrecer una vía retórica para la conformación y reconfiguración de un ethos y un pathos femenino. (shrink)

El reemplazo de la idea heideggeriana del ser-para-la muerte por la noción gadameriana del ser-para-el-texto tiene consecuencias de importantes desarrollos dentro de la hermenéutica filosófica. El presente trabajo aborda, en un primer momento, el llamado "principio de indisponibilidad del lenguaje" ..

En el presente artículo se presenta una reconstrucción del episodio histórico de la cristalización del _management_ industrial a través de la introducción de la Teoría de la Dinámica de Sistemas de Jay Wright Forrester de la Sloan School of Management del MIT. Para ello, se utilizarán explícitamente las herramientas historiográficas provistos por el marco metateórico de Thomas Kuhn, por considerarlo de gran fertilidad para dar cuenta de los episodios de maduración de disciplinas científicas.